rinted map, hand colored <b><font color="#981410"><br /></font></b><br />To justify his unsanctioned conquest of the Aztec empire, Hernán Cortés sent a letter and a map of its capital, Tenochtitlan, to the King of Spain. Displayed here is a later print of that map, showing the populous city before Cortés’s armies reduced it to ruins. At the center is the magnificent temple complex, surrounded by a vast network of streets and canals, and ringed by outlying towns. The smaller map depicting the Gulf of Mexico was probably based on an earlier Spanish explorer’s map, displayed on the wall to the left.<br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago</div><div class="credit"> </div><p><img src="http://www.fieldmuseum.org/maps/photos/AB10.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></p><p><strong>Long lots in New Orleans<br /></strong>Unknown mapmaker, French<br />1723<br />Manuscript, ink and pigment on paper<br /><br />In the course of their struggle for territorial control in North America, the French left indelible marks on the landscape. One signature is the long lot, a system of land division based on practices in river-rich Normandy. By slicing the land along a river into narrow linear plots, French settlers maximized the number of owners with direct access to the river. This map of the vicinity of New Orleans, made shortly after its founding in 1718, includes the names of owners along a stretch of the Mississippi.<br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Courtesy of The Newberry Library, Chicago<br /></div>
</p><p><strong>lan to regulate the Arno River in Florence<br /></strong>Leonardo da Vinci, Italian<br />circa 1504<br />Manuscript, ink and pigment on paper<br /><br />Here we see the fusion of Leonardo’s technical awareness and artistic genius. This sketch of the flow of water through a weir, or overflow-type dam, was demonstrates his fascination with the behavior of flowing water. It is part of his engineering scheme to canalize the Arno River, Florence’s link to the Mediterranean Sea. By taming the water, Florentine merchants could better compete with its downstream rival, Pisa. But due to war and technical limitations, the bold scheme was never realized.<br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Royal Collection © 2006 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>Road from Edo (Tokyo) to Kyoto <br /></strong><i>Tokaido bunkensu</i> (An artistic map of the Eastern Sea Road)<br />Unidentified mapmaker, Japanese<br />18th century<br />Manuscript, ink and pigment on paper, mounted on silk<br /><br />This scroll depicts the Tokai Road in Japan. During the Edo Period (1602-1867) the emperor lived at one end of this road, in Kyoto, and the shogun—the military leader with real power—lived at the other end, in Edo (now Tokyo). As the link between the symbolic and military leaderships, the Tokai Road was the country’s most important route, demonstrated by this elaborate, commemorative scroll. Shown here is a segment of the Road near Tokyo, with Mt. Fuji looming in the distance.<br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>Celestial Globe<br /></strong>Vicenzo Maria Coronelli, Italian<br />1698<br />Ink on paper, plaster, brass, and oak<br /><br />This 1688 masterpiece globe by Vincenzo Coronelli show many details including ocean currents, jungles with groups of trees, constellations of mythical beasts and the known contours of the continents. <br /><br /></p><div class="credit">rivate Collection, Virginia<br /></div>
</p><p><strong><em>Leo Belgicus</em> (map of the Low Countries)<br /></strong>Michael von Aitzing, Dutch<br />1583<br />Ink on paper<br /><br />It is the political dimension of this playful-looking map that sealed its popularity. Looking to produce an image that would cement unity between the northern and southern Netherlands, Michael von Aitzing turned to “the strongest of animals” for inspiration. <br /><br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Courtesy of LaSalle Bank Dutch Map Collection, Chicago</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>A Complete Atlas of the Province of Kiangsi (Jiangxi)<br /></strong>Unidentified mapmaker, Chinese<br />19th century<br />Manuscript, ink and pigment on paper<br /><br />robably compiled to help a governor manage the Jiangxi province in southeastern China, this atlas includes features of political, religious, and natural significance. Each of the province's 14 administrative units is shown in a separate map; the large settlement on this sheet is the province capital, Nanchang. The craggy mountains include Mount Lushan, a sacred center of Chinese civilization. And Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake, courses across the region. Beyond its administrative value, the atlas is a superb example of the enduring Chinese "blue-green" style of landscape painting.<br /><br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Used by permission of The British Library, London</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>Glove map of London<br /></strong>George Shove, British<br />1851<br />rinted map on leather<br /><br />The international expositions staged in Europe and America over the past two centuries attracted exhibits and tourists from around the world. To help organize the sprawling grounds, cartographers issued specialized maps that rivaled the inventiveness and visual allure of the displays themselves. On this ladies' glove, George Shove fit a map of London and the Great Exhibition. The Exhibition's distinctive Crystal Palace is near the base of the palm. The relative positions of other London destinations are also drawn in: St. Paul's Cathedral across two fingers and Kensington Gardens near the wrist.<br /><br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Reproduced by permission of The National Archives of the United Kingdom</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>Mercator's projection<br /></strong><i>Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum navigantium emendate accomodata </i>(New and Accurate Description of the Terrestrial Globe, Amended to Suit the Uses of Navigation)<br />Gerard Mercator, Flemish<br />1569<br />rinted map<br /><br />Gerard Mercator spent years developing a projection that preserves the direction between any two places on Earth. Displayed here is the first use of his now famous projection. The key to its fame is that a route following a single compass bearing can be plotted on this map as a straight line. The unfamiliar projection gradually won over skeptics and to this day, it remains the essential projection for sea, air, and space navigation. <br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Courtesy of the University Library, Basel, Switzerland</div><div class="credit"> </div><p>
</p><p><strong>Town plan of Nippur<br /></strong>Unidentified mapmaker, Babylonian <br />1300 B.C.<br />Clay<br /><br />This clay tablet bears the first known town plan drawn to scale; one inch equals about 300 meters on the ground. It depicts Nippur, a religious center of Mesopotamia, whose ruins are located on the Euphrates River roughly 100 miles southeast of present day Baghdad. During its 6,000-year history, Nippur was rebuilt numerous times and this plan may have guided one revival. The wedge-shaped incisions are cuneiform script and label important features, such as the temple, storehouses, and town gates.<br /><br /><br /></p><div class="credit">Courtesy of Institut für Sprachen und Kulturen des Verderen Orients</div>
</p><p></p>
</p><p>Dutch Map of Asia</p>
</p><p>禹迹图 南宗绍兴六年（1136年）114×114cm 石刻 比例 尺：1:5,000,000 突出表示海岸线、黄河、长江及其支流、太湖、洞庭湖、 鄱阳湖等水系要素及其名称注记，保留了唐代的地名，地图以网络的形式 绘出，是中国现存最早带有方格网的地图。《禹迹图》在制图学发展史上 具有划时代的意义。现藏于陕西省碑林博物馆。 </p><p> </p><p>
</p><p>九州山川实证总图 南宋淳熙四年（1177年） 本图选自《禹贡山川地理图》一书中，图中主要表示了《禹贡》中山、河、 湖、海及冀、兖、青、徐、豫、荆、雍、梁九州界域及内容，并采用古代 地图传统形象绘画法，以文字注记区别古今内容，将九州用阴文，宋代建 置用阳文，地名套以黑圈，山河名加方框，河道变迁处辅以文字说明。地 图刻工精细印制清晰，是我国现存最早的雕版墨印地图实物。现藏于北京图书馆。</p><p> </p><p>
</p><p>禹贡所载随山浚川之图 南宋嘉定二年 （1209年）30×23.7cm 雕版墨印 地图主要表示了禹贡九州（冀、兖、青、 徐、豫、扬、荆、雍、梁）和宋代州郡的山脉、河流、湖泊、四夷等要素， 对一些重要地名及九州界线都注有文学说明，该图是古今对照的历史地图。 现藏于北京图书馆。 </p><p> </p><p>
</p><p>汉西域诸国图 南宋景定年间（1260-1264年） 雕 版墨印本图主要反映了汉代西域诸国分布以及交通路线。图中形象地表示 了天山、葱岭、北山、南山、石山和积石山及其名称，并清晰地绘出了中 国通往西域的两条路线，全图还标注了地名七十多处，该图对研究西域地 理沿革有一定的参考价值。现藏于北京图书馆。</p><p> </p><p>
</p><p>唐一行山河分野图 图中主要表示有京城、州 郡、山河以及与之相对应的星次和星宿等，这是一种天文和地理相结合的 特殊地图，其表现方法以注记和文学说明为主。该图对于研究我国古代天 文分野，即是所谓将地面某一地区与天空中的某一星辰相对应之山脉地络 等地理学思想有参考价值。现藏于北京图书馆。 </p><p></p>| 欢迎光临 黑蓝论坛 (http://www.heilan.com/forum/) | Powered by Discuz! X2.5 |