【文丛评论】范静：抒情的质地

六点亡羊

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">【文丛评论】范静：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">抒情的质地<br/></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">　　</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">读洪洋小说集《抵制喜剧》</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">以读者的身份去面对洪洋的作品，我们似乎不能避免地会被</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">触动</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。在大众文化批量化生产的背景下，在情感模式可复制传播且显得日益廉价、麻木的时代里，作为个体所拥有的情感体验显得稀少而珍贵。然而对于一件创造性的作品，能否唤起受众的情感</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">感动、振奋，甚至愤怒、失落</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">仍然是我们衡量作品优秀与否的标准之一。这触动读者感情的整个体系，落到写作者洪洋身上，似乎又与他自身的个性分不开（两者之间的关系无疑是个有趣又严肃的话题）。洪洋的敏感、对世界的好奇心，在一个不断行走的状态中，使他时刻保持着倾听的姿态（有时甚至是窃听者），进入他目光的人与物更是囊括了包括</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">我</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在内的整个世界。他探究事物之间的关系，事物与自身之间的关系，更为可贵的是，这种宽广进而宽厚的视角仰赖作者的耐心和勤奋，逐渐内化为一种自然、自发、持续的才能，它为作者塑造，更塑造了作者，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">他发送文字如同发送触须，伸向世界漏水透风、色彩斑斓的物质。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（卡尔维诺评价弗朗索瓦·蓬热）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这种触角早已长在了洪洋体内。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">优秀的作者总是能够恰到好处地经营自身的禀赋，抛光打磨以至宛若天成，表现在作品中就是文本的潜在结构在向内和向外两种维度上同时展开：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">走路就是为了坐在窗前，看一团团水和空气弃我而去。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（《不过是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">OPEN</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">》）</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">最终，洪洋成为这样一个既热情又沉静的观察者，目光退后，自身内陷，这种内陷打造出的文字世界又与宽广的真实世界的纹理产生了奇妙的吻合，就像宇宙中的虫洞，构筑起两类视界之间的管道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">探究一个作者的人格与他作品之间的关系是个有趣的话题，我不由得再次提及这一点。其中包含了作者对写作的态度，其写作的纯度，和他在写作中将抵达何处的可能性等等答案。洪洋自身人格与写作之间的吻合，揭示了他小说的复杂性（即</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">宽厚</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），他不是端坐云端尽叹世间美好，也不是以愤怒的姿态尽数社会黑暗，他一视同仁。就像他所爱戴的纪德说的那样：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一个人正是通过自身的矛盾，才表现出坦诚。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这同样决定了他作品中的抒情的质地</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">它不廉价，也并非轻易得来；它直指人心，无所畏惧。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>