Brian Eno

李牧

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1998</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年买到一张</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Brian Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">on land,</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">打口的磁带，觉得很棒，但也无从了解更多的资料以及买到其他的专辑。前几年再次买到他的音乐，发现和我原来听的东西很不一样</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">没有了实验电子的那股力量。查了一下他的资料，说这个人后来研究背景音乐了。。。有些失望，有些不屑，觉得他很保守！这些天，网上找音乐，听了很多，听来听去，还是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的音乐最好，不由得感慨：做音乐真的很难。再一次查了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的专辑和资料，我太无知，因为我的无知而把这位大师轻视了！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><em><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Brian Eno<br />Brian Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">是少数几位在当代流行音乐的领域里可以称得上最具冒险创新精神的开路先锋，一代大师。他的音乐理论一直都是那么地「后现代兼划时代」；他的影响力从七</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">○</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年代开始在名团</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Roxy Music</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">开始一直到现在九</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">○</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年代为止还丝毫未减。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">unk</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Noise Rock</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">无一不是受到他的启发和开示。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Brian Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">在电子音乐的世界里是一位不断沉思发想的哲学家；一位安静的天才。</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><br /><font face="Times New Roman"><em>Brian Eno</em></font></span><em><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">过去在摇滚乐界的重要影响在此不表。光凭他一手「发明」「定义」了所谓的〝</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">〞就足以流芳万世。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">是如何「发明」</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的理论的呢？说起来是一场意外。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1975</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年的</span><chsdate wst="on" year="2008" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">日</span></chsdate><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">从</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Island</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">唱片公司的录音室走回家的时候不幸发生了一场车祸，被一台出租车撞个正着，还好当时他虽然伤势不轻，但没有一命呜呼，否则我们今天恐怕还没有〝</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">〞这种音乐可听。当他被送进医院住院疗养的时候，有位来探望他的朋友带了一张</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">世纪竖琴（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Harp</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">）音乐演奏的唱片给他解闷。当他的朋友走了之后，躺在床上的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Brian Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">拖着伤重的身体好不容易走到房间的另一头打开音响播放这张唱片，才刚躺回床上，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">才发现音响的两个喇叭有问题，其中一个坏掉了，另一个音量时大时小，在窗外倾盆大雨的陪衬下，几乎听不清楚。由于身体非常虚弱，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">懒得再起床去调整音量。就在这样的状况下，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">忽然意识到一种新的音乐的可能性；不需要全神贯注的去聆听，却具有一般所谓的「音乐」所没有的功能性。</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><br /><font face="Times New Roman"><em>Eno</em></font></span><em><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">随即开始他的新概念的实验。</span><chsdate wst="on" year="1975" day="9" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1975</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">日</span></chsdate><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">自己录了好几卷录音带，内容是他用预先</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">programme</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">好的合成器再加上延迟（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Delay</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">）效果重复剪接而成的。第二天他找来了常常和他一起合作的伙伴</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Robert Fripp</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">（前卫摇滚名团</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">King Crimson</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">团长）来，然后将这些</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Tapes</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">用正常转速的一半速度播放给</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Robert Fripp</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">听。结果两人都对于这样制造出来的奇怪音乐感到非常有趣，觉得大有可为；而这次的实验结果就被录下来成为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Discreet Music</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Discreet Music</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">这张专辑代表的是一种非常不一样的作曲和录音方式。例如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">使用了一系列预先设计好的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">resets</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">，以及使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Tape Machine</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">（盘带机）直接作</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Loop</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Delay</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">效果器以及把整个录音室当作一个乐器来使用的观念在当时都是划时代的独创发明。不过在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Discreet Music</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">专辑里最具突破性的重要概念是它的作曲方法论。只着重声音本身的质地和变化而完全忽略传统音乐里强调的旋律和节奏，同时这种「非线性」（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Non-Linear</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">）的乐曲结构和缺乏所谓的高潮和重点的声音流动使得听者可以在音乐进行当中的任何时刻开始聆听或完全忽略它的存在。</span></em><span lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><em><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">在发表了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Discreet Music</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">之后，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">陆续又发行了好几张定义了〝</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">〞这个词语的真正涵义的专辑，包括：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Music For Airports</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">The Plateaux Of Mirrors</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">On Land</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">等专辑再加上他和一些其它的音乐人士共同合作的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">实验作品。然而，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ambient</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">音乐一直到了九</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">○</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">年代才开始大行其道，由于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Rave</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">文化的兴起，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">The Orb</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Mixmaster Morris</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">等团体和艺人的发扬光大；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Brian Eno</font></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman';mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman'">的前卫观念和重要性可以说已经溶入了这个时代之中，成为我们的一部份了。</span></em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;mso-outline-level:1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"><em>&nbsp;</em></font></p></span></b></p><img src="http://starling.rinet.ru/music/sleeves/zap_eno.jpg" border="0" alt="" />

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